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To do that, we measure the accumulated intensity at each pixel in a subframe.
where Np and Nd represent the number of pilot symbols and data symbols in a subframe, respectively.
In this case, L = 1 is assumed, and CSI for a single antenna is obtained from the reference signals in a subframe.
The continuous-time baseband signal s i, l ( p ) ( t ) in the l th OFDMA or SC-FDMA symbol of the i th CC in a subframe of antenna p is given by s i, l ( p ) ( t ) = ∑ k ∈ F i X i, l, k ( p ) ⋅ e j 2 π k Δ f t e j 2 π f i t, (7).
A transport block (consisting of data bytes to be transmitted in a subframe) is encoded using a rate 1/3 Turbo encoder and, depending on the CQI feedback, assigned RBs, and modulation, the encoded transport block is rate-matched appropriately to match the code rate supported by the indicated CQI.
For example, in commercial LTE networks [20], the CSI-RS overhead in a subframe grows from 1.19 to 4.76 % as the number of antennas increases from 2 to 8. As more antennas participate in cooperative transmission, the antenna processing gain increases while RS transmission consumes a larger fraction of time and frequency resources, which otherwise would be dedicated for data transmission.
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In other words, if a subframe partially overlaps another subframe, it is assumed to overlap completely.
In a PRACH subframe, a part of the subframe is used by the eNB for performing the PRACH mechanism in order to satisfy QoS and delay requirements, and therefore cannot be used for data transmission.
The same MIMO system is considered but in this case a subframe-based optimization of the symbol allocation is employed as the one analyzed in Section 5. A subframe length of time slots is assumed which derives a number of data symbols per subframe.
Firstly, based on the maximum number of hops in the network topology, a subframe is divided into the same number of zones.
We use to denote the total number of resource blocks in a single subframe.
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