The federal government deals directly with the county's larger cities, among them Yonkers, which nearly went bankrupt before capitulating in a housing segregation case that began in 1980 and dragged on for years.
Before he became a judge, the late Miller was a noted attorney who took major civil rights cases, filing briefs in the segregation case Brown vs. Board of Education.
Tucson Superintendent H.T. Sanchez accused Huppenthal of repeatedly trying to meddle in his district's plans to create culturally relevant courses, as mandated by court order in the segregation case.
BARBARA J. DAVIS, a Topeka, Kan., school official and cousin of Linda Brown, plaintiff in the 1954 school segregation case.
He spent years before his triumph in Brown patiently amassing a series of narrow rulings in segregation cases so that he would have some sort of body of case law at his disposal when he finally got to argue the big one.
Fred Gray Sr., the lawyer who defended Rosa Parks in her landmark bus segregation case and represented victims of the infamous Tuskegee syphilis experiment, has become the first black president of the Alabama Bar Association.
Richard Kluger wrote in "Simple Justice," a history of the 1954 decision striking down segregation, that Professor Frank, then at Yale Law School, was "perhaps more familiar with the constitutional and legislative history involved in the segregation cases than any of the N.A.A.C.P.'s other advisers".
He had become Marshall's chief deputy by 1948, and soon became active in school segregation cases, notably Sweatt v. Painter, in which the Supreme Court ruled in 1950 that the University of Texas Law School had acted illegally in denying admission to a black applicant.
In Gaines v. Canada, the most important segregation case since Plessy v. Ferguson, Gaines was denied admission to the Law School at the University of Missouri because he was black.
He used parts of the thesis in preparing for the school segregation cases in the 1950s.
