In addition, PKC (protein kinase C), PI3K (phosphoinositide-3-kinase), and PKA (protein kinase A) found in multiple pathways, including chemokine signaling, apoptosis, Jak-STAT signaling, and B cell and T cell receptor signaling.
Induction of fever involves a multiple-pathway mechanism in which circulating cytokines, particularly proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and INF, are the major mediators of fever [ 9].
However, in order to traverse along a path in multiple pathways using a relational database, an RDBMS would suffer from the inefficiencies associated with multiple 'joining tables' which each may have >10,000 entities.
A single gene could have a dynamic profile across different treatment conditions (a combination of assay, dose and time point) with a role in multiple pathways which interact in complex manners to affect physiological changes of toxicity.
There are many reviews discussing the challenges involved in establishing genotype-phenotype correlations with mitochondrial dysfunction given its involvement in multiple pathways in a spatio-temporal manner.
As a player in multiple pathways controlling many morphological features, one could predict that Hsp90 would control the variability of many different adult phenotypes, which become more variable as Hsp90 (and Hsp90 target function) is reduced.
In conclusion, we have formulated, in a biologically and pharmacologically relevant case, a folding scenario in which multiple pathways and milestones coexist.
The existence of multiple death pathways is an in-built strategy to protect the organism against abnormalities arising in a single or multiple pathways, making the occurrence of diseases like cancer relatively rare, considering the large number of cell divisions and mutations incorporated during the lifetime of a multicellular organism [ 1].
Examination of the most significantly regulated genes in pathways reveals that a number of genes from a few different gene families play a repeated role in multiple pathways that were regulated by chemical exposures.
Of the genes in our data set, 44% appeared in multiple pathways performing a diverse set of functions.
Inflammatory markers seem to have a significant role in the multiple pathways that link PF to overall mortality and morbidity [ 4, 6].
