This produces a data.frame in R that summarizes and counts the sequences aligned to each base in a given reference sequence.
Suppose that we determine for the bodies in a given frame of reference say, the rest frame of the fixed stars that all observable accelerations are proportional to forces impressed by bodies within the system, by equal and opposite actions and reactions among those bodies.
The sum of the individual π values for all synonymous sites was then divided by the total number of synonymous sites (Nei and Gojobori 1986) in a given open reading frame in the reference sequence in order to obtain the synonymous nucleotide diversity (πS) for that reading frame.
Similarly, the sum of the individual π values for all nonsynonymous sites was then divided by the total number of nonsynonymous sites in a given open reading frame in the reference sequence in order to obtain the nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity (πN) for that reading frame.
It tackles the problem of estimating the pose of a robot, or team of robots in a map reference frame, given the map, the real-time data from the robot onboard sensors, and the real-time data coming from other robots or sensors in the environment.
The coordinates of the r vector, retrieved from the PDB data, are given in a laboratory reference frame (LAB).
Contractions of length are then a consequence of the relativity of reference frames: the length of a measuring rod depends on its velocity for a given frame of reference (Schlick 1979a, 160 1).
If one wants to measure the position of the object relative to a given spatial frame of reference, the measuring instrument must be rigidly fixed to the bodies which define the frame of reference.
Spatial entities are point locations or 3D regions in a project reference frame.
For each tile t, the microscope registers a 2D translation vector t t = u, v)T in a relative section reference frame ℝ s, whereas the section index s is given by the human operator.
