Sentence examples for in a given generation from inspiring English sources

Any signature of spatially varying selection in a given generation is expected to be lost in the subsequent generation, preventing heritable trans-generational local adaptation [ 15].

In other words, the latter rule meant that for consecutive-generation comparisons within the same chain, we compared the track of the 'old' (that is, experienced) bird in a given generation with that of the 'new' (that is, naive) bird in the next generation.

Previous studies have shown that evolution under temporal variation is determined not only by expected fitness in a given generation, but also by the degree of variation in fitness over generations; in an uncertain environment, alleles that increase the geometric mean fitness can invade a randomly mating population at equilibrium.

As Jean Gayon has argued, Mendel's 1865 paper attacked heredity from a wholly new angle, interpreting it not as a measurable magnitude, as the biometrical school did at a later stage, but as "a certain level of organization," a "structure in a given generation to be expressed in the context of specific crosses".

One cannot say that every individual with favorable variation v will survive or will leave more offspring than individuals without it; one cannot say that no environment will ever support all of the offspring produced in a given generation, and thus that there must always be a competitive struggle.

Using this software, students are able to readily design and tweak their own prisoner's dilemma strategies, and to see how those strategies fare both in round-robin tournaments and in "evolutionary" tournaments, where the scores in a given "generation" directly determine contribution to the population in the next generation.

The relative encoding is also used in removing duplicates within a given generation.

Genotypic frequencies in each deme at a given generation are deduced from the frequencies of the previous generation after accounting for migration, recombination and selection.

The completeness of the genealogical data is measured by the proportion of ancestors observed (i.e., ancestors for whom information is available) in the data at a given generation divided by the expected number of ancestors.

Before describing our fitness function, it is important to observe that our optimization problem can be divided into n optimization sub-problems (Divide and Conquer Strategy): Consider a Boolean polynomial dynamic model f = (f1,…, f n ) for a given generation in the EA.

Third, in an alternating regime, the parasites were maintained on a single isofemale line in any given generation, but the line was alternated in a regular sequence among generations.