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The last two types were joining of two segments in a direct orientation, accounting for 15% of the total chimeras.
CDSs in TGAs are principally in a direct orientation (78.9%) with approximately the same proportion of sense and antisense orientations.
Sequencing of the 5S 18S E. nebrodensis clone showed the presence of a functional 5S gene in a direct orientation as in Ginkgo.
In pluripotent mouse TG-2a cells, pDEH6 plasmid, containing promoter and both enhancers (-2186/+106) in a direct orientation with respect to luciferase gene, displayed the highest luciferase activity, which exceeded the background level (compare to luciferase activity of empty vector pGL2-Basic) approximately six-fold.
In fact, the steady-state level of ihprolC-PP197 mRNA was 5 to 10 times lower than that of a transgene rolC-PP2x1977) cofposed of the same regulatory and transcribed regions of the ihprolC-PP197 construct, but bearing the 197 bp viral sequences repeated in a direct orientation (Fig. 3, panel B, lanes 2 4).
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All three test probes (TUPLE1, b186O8 and p901P22) were clearly triplicated, demonstrating a duplication in 22q11.2 with a direct orientation, corresponding to the longer (3 Mb) of the two recurrent CNVs observed in this region [ 26].
4. Finally, few species such as Madia sativa (or Mutisia speciosa and also Tithonia rotundifolia, not shown) yielded amplification products with 26Sf-5SLr primer sets instead of the 26Sf-5SLf combinathat, that did not produce a product in these species), possibly indicating a direct orientation of the 26S-5S linkate at least in some units.
While A starts with a gene in direct orientation, B starts with a gene in reverse orientation.
The exception to the last two points are the POLR1A-REEP1 and KIAA0319-Tduplicationsons, where fine-mapping confirmed the CNVs to be in a direct tandem orientation.
The pGIN2 clone isolated by us harboured a 5S insertion in direct orientation located downstream from the 26S gene.
To test the recombination activity of mutant phiC31 integrases in vivo, the wild-type or mutant plasmid containing an ampicillin resistance gene, and the report plasmid pBCPB+ with attP and attB sites in direct orientation flanking a lacZ gene on a chloramphenicol resistant, were co-transformed into an E. coli strain Top10.
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