In archipelagos of volcanic origin, with a clear sequence of island emergence and ageing over time, a pattern that is commonly recorded involves the colonization of the newly emerging islands from populations originating from older islands [ 4].
Both heterozygous point mutations and indels that caused difficulties in assigning a clear sequence to each allele of the individuals were observed in several sequences.
However, a clear sequence bias is evident.
The different cofactors are recruited in a clear temporal sequence (Taylor et al, 2011; Cocucci et al, 2012) – but how do they "know" where to get recruited?
However, these methods tend to become less effective in the absence of sufficiently clear sequence similarities (Eisen, 1998; Rost, 2002; Whisstock and Lesk, 2003).
In the absence of clear sequence conservation between animals and plants, an alternative strategy to isolate PCD regulators or effectors is to search for functional homologues.
BPI and Takeout-like domains are connected by the arthropod allergens, one form of which is unique in containing tandem domains with clear sequence similarity, indicating a domain duplication that occurred in insects (yellow and orange clusters in Fig. 5).
In several cases no clear sequence reads were obtained, even after repeated PCR and sequencing attempts, due to multiple copies of the ITS2 which varied in primary sequences (see Results).
A combined potato and tomato phylogenetic analysis of sequences found in this syntenic region did not result in a clear distinction of the sequences derived from both species, suggesting that these clusters were already present in the last common ancestor.
In order to obtain clear sequences for potentially multiple loci of BRK1 for these species, the PCR products were cloned into the blunt end vector pJET1.2/blunt according to the manufacturer's protocol (CloneJET™ Molecular Cloning Kit, Thermo Scientific, St. Leon-Rot, Germany).
Even among the yeasts, modes of centromere inheritance vary, from complete genetic specification, as in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to genetic specification without clear sequence specificity, as in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Polizzi and Clarke 1991), to complete epigenetic inheritance, as in Candida albicans (Ketel et al. 2009).
