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For example, markers in the region between two informative markers that surround a detected recombination location cannot have their genotypes imputed with certainty.
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The percentage of SNP genotypes not imputed represented genotypes that were set to missing by AlphaImpute because they could not be imputed with sufficient certainty due to insufficient information, e.g. around recombination events or due to uncertainty on which haplotype was inherited from one or both parents.
We used statistical imputation of unobserved genotypes to increase the density of our fine-mapping analysis; a total of 2035 SNPs and insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms were inferred using 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) reference data, from which 1529 variants were imputed with high certainty (Impute2 (22) information measure ≥0.5) and included in subsequent association analyses.
Imputed probes with certainty values < 90% were zeroed out and SNPs missing in more than one person, corresponding to a SNP call rate of 92.3% for the Caucasian subjects and 96.7% for the African-American subjects, were removed.
Metrics for imputation quality indicated that the 2 CD SNPs were imputed with high confidence (IMPUTE2 info = 0.98 and certainty = 0.99 for rs12676; info = 0.97, certainty = 0.99 for rs12325817).
Missing data were imputed with 10-nearest-neighbor imputation [39].
No doubt, too, Rampling was sick of being imputed with a personality that was not hers.
Missing descriptor values were imputed with the function ImputeFeatures.
These items were imputed with the expectation maximization algorithm.
Missing values were imputed with impute package [ 48].
Missing genotypes were imputed with Beagle [ 22].
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