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The goal is to check whether, under certain assumptions of missingness, the findings would remain robust if the missing data were imputed through some imputation strategy.
The principal analyses were repeated using datasets imputed through two different procedures: (i) imputation of missing covariate data in the sample of 3,629 with complete outcome data; (ii) imputation of missing covariate and outcome data for the entire starting sample of 6,208 adolescents (see Supporting Information Table S2).
Incomplete data sets are frequently analyzed using multiple imputation, which involves creating multiple complete versions of the data with missing values imputed through random draws from distributions inferred from observed data (2).
Data were imputed through the linear regression method.
Missing data were imputed through last observations carried forward (undertaken in 19% of patients at 24 months).
Data were used from all participants who were assessed before randomisation and missing data were imputed through three mechanisms (best case scenario, worst case scenario, and missing mechanism).
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If a high threshold is chosen (e.g. 0.9) the value of the VOI is almost always selected through standard multiple imputation (imputed from the likelihood).
Missing cost and utility data will be imputed using multiple imputation through chained equations, with the number of imputation datasets set to reflect the proportion of missingness in the data as recommended by previous guidelines into the use of MI approaches [ 44].
Lastly, we recognise that estimating ODA expenditures through imputed percentages is a model that comes with caveats and limitations.
All of the analyses except the RSM analysis were performed using imputed data obtained through matching, employing the PRELIS (LISREL) Impute Missing Value dialog box.
Furthermore, numerous errors appear to have occurred in the MAs, either created de novo in handling of the original or imputed data or through a failure to recognize some critical differences in data presentations in the RCTs.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com