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The results from multiple imputation (not shown) did not differ between a complete case analysis and an imputed analysis suggesting that the assumptions about the missing data were robust [24].
Eighty-five (33.2%) participants assigned to gargle reported clinical URTI compared to 65 (27.5%) participants not assigned to gargle (imputed analysis RR: 1.1, CI95: 0.78,1.44, p = 0.69; complete case analysis RR: 1.3, CI95: 0.92,1.57, p = 0.19) (Table 3).
While a significant between-group difference was reported for 'getting along with others' in Table 3 the imputed analysis produced a marginally non-significant difference (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.4 to 1.0; p = 0.06).
Results of the base-case (imputed) analysis and the complete-case analysis were comparable with regard to policy implications, although, inevitably, point estimates for incremental costs and incremental QALYs differed across the analyses.
As shown in Table 2, fewer participants randomized to receive vitamin D3 (70 or 27%) reported a clinical URTI than those randomized to receive placebo (80 or 34%) (imputed analysis RR:0.80, CI95:0.63,1.02, p = 0.08; complete case analysis RR:0.79, CI95: 0.61,1.03, p = 0.09).
18 In addition to a primary imputed analysis, we did sensitivity analyses on the original data and on imputed data created using different seeds and different imputation models.
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We report the results of both the imputed case analysis and the complete case analysis.
This missingness mechanism factor could also have added to the large difference in magnitude of the standard errors for the complete case analysis as compared to the imputed data analysis that, some would argue, could not be explained on the basis of sample size alone.
Imputed case analysis (ICA) strategies (1) used these data assumptions to fill in missing data in each meta-analysis of the summary data.
Missing genotypes were imputed before analysis using the program fastPHASE.
Only a small proportion of datasets (n = 10, 18.9%) included imputed SNP analysis.
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