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For participant i with an interval-censored recurrence time, i.e. (l i, r i ], where r i ≤ τ, midpoint imputation is used to impute time to recurrence by (l i + r i )/2, the midpoint of (l i, r i ], and time to censoring is either observed at r i when r j < τ or right censored at r j when r j = τ.
16– 18 Most other studies used MI only in patients who took part in the complete study course; however, some used MI to impute time to death as an outcome.
We have shown that, in cross-sectional HCV progression studies that rely on risk factor histories to impute time of HCV infection, there is usually considerable uncertainty about when HCV infection may have occurred, even for patients or research subjects reporting a history of IDU.
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Conceptually, the model is illustrated in Fig. 2. It illustrates relationships between imputed baseline eGFR, rate of renal decline, and imputed time to ESRD.
A 1 mmol/L increase in total serum cholesterol level was associated with a 1.0 mL/min/1.73 m faster rate of eGFR loss (P < 0.001), no change in imputed baseline eGFR, and 8.1% reduction in imputed time to ESRD (P = 0.026).
Actual time points from the original time courses match imputed time points that are fairly evenly spread along the imputation-derived curve.
We observed that actual time points from the original time courses matched imputed time points that were fairly evenly spread along the imputation-derived curve, with correlations of average 83 91 % across the range of time points for each strain.
We then added this imputed time to the observed time from enrollment to last visit to obtain an imputed date of last visit after outreach.
For those found alive but did not return to clinic we imputed time from last visit (before dropout) to last visit after outreach from observed data, matching in a similar manner to that described for the death date above.
We therefore imputed time of death as the time at last unsuccessful check for presence of that individual at its breeding colony in any given year i+1 and analyzed the hazard of death in relation to AOC in year i (see [36]; see also [27] for an analysis of annual survival).
The result was a 10.4% shorter imputed time to ESRD (P < 0.001).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com