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Cropping systems were most important in determining impurity rates and the way impurity rates related to regional or local factors.
The cropping system was the main factor explaining regional harvest impurity rates.
In contrast, impurity rates after six years largely depended on the proportions of OSR crop (GM or not) in the two preceding years.
Through regression analyses, we determined spatial and agronomic factors that most affected harvest impurity rates of non-GM OSR after one or seven years of OSR cultivation.
During the first year of OSR cultivation, local impurity rates were mostly explained by the distance to the closest GM field.
In OSR, as for most crops, impurity rates are expected to depend on the spatial distribution of crops over the landscape.
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For a given cropping system, the regional impurity rate after one year increased linearly with the current proportion of GM crop.
Carbon increases the impurity scattering rate, and this, combined with the two-band nature of MgB2, raises the upper critical field and thereby the high-field critical current.
Next, we apply time-dependent first-order perturbation theory to calculate the elastic charged impurity scattering rate between the two oscillating Landau states, the initial Ψ n, and the final state Ψ m [6 10, 20 24]: Wn,m = 1 / τ, with τ being the elastic charged impurity scattering time.
Margins exist for optimizing the design and minimizing the impurity injection rate even at the lowest density, with load below the safe limit of 18 MW/m2 on the monoblock W targets, and to achieve a good degree of detachment at higher density.
In systems with impurities, the production rates are greatly reduced and the phase transition is also changed from being abrupt to continuous.
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