Polymeric nanocarriers conjugated with low molecular weight drugs are designed in order to improve their efficacy and toxicity profile.
Second generation DES have improved their efficacy and safety profile by innovations in drug coating, the polymer drug-delivery system and stent design.
These data provided a rationale for the design of new, multimodal, therapeutic strategies involving drugs acting not only at the "historical" targets such as the 5-HT and/or the NE transporter, but also at other molecular targets to improve their efficacy and their tolerability.
Intensive drug discovery programs have aimed at developing new antimalarials or modifying current antimalarials to improve their efficacy and reduce evidence of resistance.
Nanoparticles (NPs) can be conjugated with various smart therapeutic carriers like polymeric nanoparticles [116], micelles [117], liposomes [118], solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) [119], protein nanoparticles [120], viral nanoparticles [121], metallic nanoparticles [122], aptamers [123], dendrimers [124], and monoclonal antibody [125] to improve their efficacy and decrease the systemic toxicity.
Better strategies for antibiotic administration in the ITU setting may improve their efficacy and reduce costs.
These promising outcomes have stimulated the development of novel approaches to improve their efficacy and safety, while also broadening their clinical remit to other uses such as vaccines and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
We suggest that such multiple interaction regulation could be exploited in future pharmaceutical therapies in order to improve their efficacy and specificity, perhaps mimicking the regulation of the pathway observed in immunological responses.
Currently, modified schedules and routes of administration (subcutaneous versus intravenous) and (orally) available second generation PIs have improved their efficacy, safety and toxicity profiles [ 23].
