Improved vaccines and the practice of re-vaccination led to a substantial reduction in cases in Europe and North America, but smallpox remained almost unchecked everywhere else in the world.
Improved vaccines are also critical.
Improved vaccines to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis infections in children will soon be available.
If skin's non-linear viscoelastic properties are mechanically exploited for precise antigen placement, there is tremendous promise for improved vaccines.
New and improved vaccines are needed against challenging diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, Ebola, influenza, AIDS, and cancer.
New and improved vaccines and delivery systems are increasingly being developed for prevention, treatment and diagnosis of human diseases.
The extent of A. marginale strain diversity, formerly underappreciated, has contributed to the challenges of classification which, in turn, likely impacts the design and development of improved vaccines.
This study (1) uncovers the structural determinants of FMDV thermolability, (2) investigates the relationship between virus thermolability and infectivity, and (3) provides a structure-based rationale for engineering thermostable virus particles to develop improved vaccines and nanocontainers.
Further elucidation of the infant immune response to BCG will aid with the identification of immune correlates of protection against tuberculosis and with the design of new improved vaccines.
Since phosphate groups are present in many antigens as well as the natural physiological environment, a better understanding of the interactions between phosphate and phospho-containing species could help in the design of improved vaccines.
"Let's hope for a future where millions of deaths a year from preventable diseases can be a historical footnote because of radically improved vaccines," he said.
