They figure prominently in directed evolution experiments, where libraries of enzyme variants are screened for improved substrate specificity, thermal stability, or other beneficial properties.
Chemical and physical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass improves substrate reactivity for increased microbial biofuel production, but also restricts growth via the release of furan aldehydes, such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF).
A more rigid structure, however, improves substrate recognition, allowing for tighter substrate binding and lower Km values.
However, replacement of the same residue by a helix-forming Trp residue resulted in no increase in cleavage, suggesting that helix destabilisation is important for improving substrate cleavage.
In addition to improving substrate availability via removal of competing reactions for its consumption, we also attempted to direct flux towards AKG via overexpression of relevant pathway genes.
We therefore developed strategies for supplying more DHBA monomers from glycolate and improving substrate specificity toward DHBA-CoA.
The new injectable hydrogels offer improved potential as substrates for the regeneration of soft tissues.
As well as providing significantly improved access to useful substrates for C H functionalization, 6 a more direct approach to 5-aryl barbituric acids would be a highly enabling tool for medicinal chemists.
Because there are no clear relationships between cellulase activities on soluble substrates and those on insoluble substrates, soluble substrates should not be used to screen or select improved cellulases for processing relevant solid substrates, such as plant cell walls.
The results suggested that addition of maize to perlite and pumice could improve properties of inorganic substrates for tomato soilless culture, leading to higher yields and better of quality fruit (Tzortzakis et al. [2008]).
