Since experts, policymakers, and citizens all are limited in some aspects of their knowledge, public involvement is expected to improve the substantive quality of decisions, by incorporating public values, assumptions, and preferences.
These may include a reduction in clinical malaria episodes, a reduced risk of anaemia, improved birthweight, or more substantive outcomes such as a reduction in severe maternal illness, or fewer deaths in the mother and infant (see 1).
"There is no doubt that our dialogue with the ministry has improved, but there is no substantive improvement in environment assessment and clearances," says Kanchi Kohli of environmental action group Kalpavriksh.
Trientine treatment significantly improved cardiac function in diabetic rats with substantive LV impairment.
Improved atmospherics, however, cannot hide the fact that the only substantive achievements of the diplomatic process so far – a freeze on key parts of Iran's nuclear development in exchange for a freeze on further sanctions – are reversible.
1. What are the key elements of principal leadership in productive schools? 2. What are the key substantive foci of principal leadership that lead to improved student learning?
Although the programme incrementally improved its efficiency in several areas from 2006-2010, the most substantive leaps forward took place after 2010.
Aid delivery would not only help Syrians in need, but such a good-faith effort on Mr. Assad's part would improve the climate for substantive negotiations on the actual transition plan.
"From the standpoint of doing something substantive to improve the lot of families who need long-term care, repealing CLASS gives us the impetus to reform long-term care," says Boustany.
Fatima's argument can be summarised as follows: while concluding that the substantive legal protections for children threatened by armed conflict could be improved and strengthened in some respects, the key problem she diagnoses is not a deficit of rights.
