"Finally, we would like to see clear steps to tackle the issues of affordability and supply in recognition of the limitations of the market's ability to meet people's housing needs, as well as meaningful action to address affordability and improve security of tenure within the private rented sector".
Sometimes the process is the reverse: the move to zero-shade farms improves security of tenure.
Improved security of land and tree tenure will encourage tree planting, both inside and outside forests.
Better security of tenure could accelerate the move from agroforests to zero-shade farms.
The UN Habitat definition of an urban slum household is one that lacks any of five elements: access to improved water; access to improved sanitation; security of tenure; durability of housing; and sufficient living area (UN Habitat, 2010).
"Work to establish land registers which improve smallholders' security of tenure, such as that conducted by DfID in Rwanda," said the committee, "enables smallholders to invest in their land while also providing them with greater security against so-called 'land grabs'".
Perhaps improved security.
But does this improve security?
The researchers, who examined 600,000 households using an innovative technique that allowed the prevalence of different house types to be mapped across the continent, defined housing as "improved" if it had the first four conditions, but did not look at security of tenure.
While other types of reform may influence productivity indirectly by enhancing security of tenure and the scale of operation, improvements in the pattern of cultivation affect productivity directly, through advances in technology, improved irrigation, and the application of chemicals.
