Exact(3)
For such exposures, intra- compared with interindividual variability is known to be high, and only many repeat measurements over time may give improved exposure estimates.
The present study was designed to reanalyse the existing data on lung cancer mortality, incorporating revised and improved exposure estimates to BSM and to benzo[ a]pyrene (B[ a]P), including increments during the follow-up and a lag for latency.
It is hoped that the collection of these papers stimulates further research the better to protect consumers through improved methods for the sensitive and accurate determination of contaminants in foods, which will also lead to improved exposure estimates and risk assessments.
Similar(57)
Air quality modeling could potentially improve exposure estimates for use in epidemiological studies.
Notable efforts to improve exposure estimates are often based on other exposure surrogates (Dosemeci et al. 2002).
Further investigation using individual-level data is needed to improve exposure estimates, especially for longer lag structures.
To address spatial and temporal variability, additional air pollution measurements and modeling will be needed to improve exposure estimates at specific locations.
Such models, which can predict spatially- and temporally-resolved concentrations, have the potential to improve exposure estimates and facilitate new types of analyses.
More recent studies, trying to improve exposure estimates, have taken into account traffic density and other geographical information regarding the subjects neighbourhood or city [ 12, 13].
Although the differences in daily time-activity are small, incorporating time-activity patterns has been demonstrated to improve exposure estimates compared to estimates based solely on ambient air quality data [ 29, 30].
Although stronger estimated effects for non-movers may simply reflect improved exposure estimation, evidence of higher risks in men compared with women deserves additional attention.
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