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This is possibly due to the bi-directional fabric used in the cement-based strengthening systems compared to the unidirectional sheets used in the epoxy-based strengthening system as well as their improved bond to the concrete substrate; the beams strengthened with CFRP sheets failed by debonding of the CFRP sheet, whereas no debonding was observed in beams strengthened with cement-based systems.
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Thus the influence of GAGs dissolved in demineralized dentin by these etching agents used to remove the weak smear layer and the effect of ferric ions to aggregate GAGs to improve bonding to dentin need further study [ 28– 30].
Two zirconia coatings by airbrush spraying were used as a new surface treatment on zirconia substrate to create surface roughness and improved bond strength to the veneering ceramic.
Moreover, hooked end or twisted fibers exhibited improved bond strength compared to that of straight fibers due to improved mechanical anchorage (Wille et al. 2012).
ECC is a special class of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) that, compared to conventional concrete, exhibits higher tensile ductility, energy absorption and shear resistance, in addition to improved bond performance with reinforcing steel (rebar).
As the models were further improved, bonding came to be seen as a whole-molecule, not sub-molecular, phenomenon.
However, the higher energy fluence were also found to modify the surface chemistry and created a more uniform and thicker aluminum oxide layer, which was likely to be another contributing factor to the improved bond performance.
This means that the prestressing force is more effectively transferred to the surrounding concrete at shorter embedment length for higher strength concrete, owing to the improved bond performance.
It was confirmed that the presence of grout increased the buckling capacity of the face plates and that the improved bond using epoxy grout served to delay buckling as well, although when the bond broke the failure was sudden.
Mechanical properties of both types of AMCs are improved due to the improved bond strength after extruding it through mathematically contoured cosine profiled die.
The confinement provided by the crack bridging combined with higher energy absorption for crack propagation can be attributed to the improved bond strength of ECC.
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