The LES turbulence model led to an improved turbulence field prediction and thereby to more accurate prediction of pressure and velocity fields.
The LANS-α model improves turbulence statistics with an additional nonlinear term and a smoothed advecting velocity.
Similar computations for a case with 10° yaw gave reasonable agreement for drag force, while the pressure distributions suggested the need for tighter grid resolution or possibly improved turbulence models.
In this paper, the frequency dependence of the length and time scales and the convection velocity are considered in order to provide improved turbulence models for the prediction of sound.
The processing methodology of ADCP devices is incorporated into the CFD simulation to improve predicted turbulence levels for validation.
Finally, as new experiments or direct numerical simulation data become available with information on mean and fluctuating quantities, they should be used to improve the turbulence models and thus increase their predictive capability.
As a result, constraints on MHD turbulence in the plasma sheet boundary layer are given such that not only the linear-mode waves but also sideband wave component needs to be included in constructing or improving MHD turbulence theories.
It was found that the tapered-out riser improves the turbulence or mixing while the tapered-in riser enhances particle residence time and gives uniform temperature distribution in the system.
Reagents have traditionally been fed into the impeller region of stirred tank reactors to utilize the high levels of turbulence, improve mixing rates and hence reduce mixing limitations.
In reservoir conditions, the water is supersaturated with NaCl due to various factors such as temperature, pressure, pH, mixing of incompatible waters (water injection to improve oil recovery), turbulence, evaporation and condensation (Civan 2000; Collins et al. 2004).
