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Hence, in order to improve the roughness of chitosan microspheres, β-TCP/chitosan composite microspheres were developed.
Plasma pre-treatment could improve the roughness as it incorporated the polar groups and positively charged groups onto the sample surface; so the plasma pre-treated surface would benefit in anchoring more collagen tightly.
Moreover, acetic acid is known to improve the roughness and the uniformity of porous layers as well as to increase the etch rate [10].
Alla et al. [ 66] reported that a nanotopography that allows bone ingrowth via acid etching on an implant may improve the roughness.
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The incorporated MWCNTs improved the roughness of the nano-hybrid membranes.
The addition of 10 vol.% silica sol increased the thickness of the anodic film and improved the roughness of the film surface.
Experimental results indicate that the implantation setup of low impact frequency increases the fatigue life and improves the roughness without decrease in the microhardness of base material.
This nanofilm improves the roughness of the rock pore surface and replaces the hydration layer formed by the injection of water so that the surface of the pore wall is transformed from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic state, which improves the core wettability, avoids hydration expansion, reduces interfacial tension, improves the pore diameter and results in a decrease in the flow resistance.
A new filtering technique is proposed to improve the surface roughness parameter efficiency.
Methods like sand-blasting and hydrodemolition are usually adopted to improve the surface roughness of the concrete substrate.
The technique of short voltage pulse is applied to the E-WETS to improve the surface roughness and precision of the fabricated microstructures.
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