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Suppression of plasma instabilities is a key issue to improve the confinement time of controlled thermonuclear fusion with Tokamaks.
Furthermore, it was encouraging to note that the application of flowing liquid lithium limiters could further improve the confinement of plasma by ∼10% on the basis of Li coating.
In this case, increasing well thickness can improve the confinement of wave function of carriers inside the quantum well, resulting in the decrease in threshold with increasing well thickness.
To improve the confinement effect, rectangular sections may be re-profiled as capsule-shaped sections by adding two semi-circular segments at the short ends before the bonding of FRP reinforcement.
Based on large-scale simulations of a runaway beam under parameters of the ITER tokamak, it is revealed that the magnetic ripple field can disperse the pitch-angle distribution significantly and improve the confinement of energetic runaway beam on the same time.
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Removing the substrate not only rendered the laser flexible and lightweight; replacing the glass substrate (refractive index, n = 1.52) by air also improved the confinement of the lasing mode to the gain material (n = 1.7) and reduced spontaneous emission losses by eliminating leaky substrate modes.
Therefore, methods improving the confinement of transport electrons within the channel layer and alleviating the punchthrough effect are necessary.
We can improve the quantum confinement of the nanostructures from semi-3D confinement of QDashes to 3D confinement of QDs or even submonolayers of QDs to further improve the quantum confinement[25], only if we can design a smart growing method like in ref. [19, 24].
In these structures band engineering allows us to improve the hole confinement in the Mn layer, and therefore to enhance the Mn Mn ferromagnetic coupling over that of (Ga,Mn As/GaAs heterostructures.
An efficient light management is essential to further improve the light confinement in the cells.
The presence of CFRPs was expected to improve the joint confinement and to avoid the failure of the CFRP anchors (Ozbakkaloglu and Saatcioglu 2009; Brena and McGuirk 2013).
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