As both regional and local scales are complementary, the two-scale analysis could improve landscape management.
Conservation practices in agricultural land will likely improve landscape connectivity for these species, especially for declining cricket frog populations.
This study explores how a scenario approach, involving different stakeholders, may help to improve landscape management for biodiversity conservation.
In some instances, these degraded environments have been unable to recover spontaneously, and ambitious restoration programs have been launched over the last decades to improve landscape conditions.
The model has provided a tool for urban planners to improve landscape patterns and infrastructure layouts within urban ecosystem to build sustainable cities.
Well-designed studies on ecopassage effectiveness could help improve landscape connectivity even with the increasing number and use by traffic of roads.
Comparison of simulated scenarios highlights that a combination of two networks tends to improve landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation; scenarios combining all networks could lead to two opposite landscape configuration illustrating emergence of landscape dynamics.
This study provides a theoretical case for the scaling effects and develops techniques for identifying the key ecological factors influencing on landscape metrics, so as to improve landscape management decisions in semi-arid regions and other ecotones.
Furthermore, these results provide an insight into multi-temporal spatial changes in cultivated, natural and degraded lands, valuable for designing measures to improve landscape productivity and to adopt relevant rehabilitation measures.
