Lord Butler was head of the civil service from 1988 to 1998 and saw through a set of reforms known as "Next Steps" in the late 1980s, which focused on improving efficiency and management.
SWM integrates ICTs to monitor water resources, diagnose problems, improve efficiency and coordinate management to help overcome the challenges to provide every citizen with sustainable water supply (ITU, 2014; Heland et al., 2015) Fig. 1.
The OECD advocates a risk-based approach to water security and is calling on governments to speed up their efforts to improve efficiency and effectiveness of water management.
Advancing tariff calculation in hospital financing reforms is a necessity to improve efficiency and transparency in health care management in the long run.
In order to keep pace with changing business paradigms, railways across the world need more and better technology, higher capacity, better punctuality and reliability and more sustainable asset management to improve efficiency and reduce cost.
Though DRGs were originally intended as solely a performance measure, they are now widely used for hospital payment mechanisms, increasing transparency, improving efficiency and supporting hospital management [ 3].
Guangzhou Metro implements unified maintenance and resource sharing to ensure the stability of its information systems and performs the management functions of guaranteeing stability, providing efficient management, improving efficiency and promoting development.
The objective was to create regional and on-farm sensor networks that provide remote, real-time monitoring and/or control of important farming operations that add value through improved efficiency and efficacy of targeted management practices.
In the construction industry, RFID benefits construction engineering and management by improving efficiency and control.
Other advantage such as save the energy of management personnel, improves efficiency and employee morale, and help hospitals acquire new instruments without financial burden.
