Modifications to the structure of the dye sensitizer in particular have been found to be the most widely applied method to improve device efficiencies.
The resultant PeSC with a planar configuration of glass/ITO/RGO/CH3NH3PbI3/PC61BM/bathocuproine (BCP /Ag exhibits improved device efficiency (maximum PCE of 10.8%) with high reproducibility than those of the reference devices using conventional PEDOT PSS and GO HTMs.
Therefore, apart from improving device efficiency, it may be preferable to have a range of particle sizes in the respirable range (<5 µm), rather than predominantly small particles, as this will be likely to favour deposition both centrally and peripherally, and minimize systemic absorption.
In recent years, photoelectric devices have been widely investigated [1, 2, 3], especially detectors with different morphologies and sizes, for exploring their mechanisms, simplifying their syntheses, and improving device efficiencies [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10].
In addition, there also exist mathematical works that are not categorized into the following section, but they provide useful design guidelines to help improve device side energy efficiency.
The possible approaches to improve device side energy efficiency for cellular MTC include the following: cooperative relaying, design of energy-efficient signaling and operation, radio resource allocation and packet scheduling strategies, and energy-efficient random access procedure and MAC.
To improve device quality, the collection efficiency of the photogenerated carrier should be improved.
Remarkable optical and electrical properties of NC-FeSi2, employed in the proposed structure, facilitate improving device quantum efficiency spectrum providing significant spectrum extension into the near-infrared region beyond Si bandgap.
Device annealing has recently been proven to optimize the blend microstructure and improve the device efficiency.
The design configuration of the device pin legs, lowering the overall thermal conductance, can improve the device efficiency.
