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Absence of condensins and/or CENP-A insufficiency produced a specific kinetochore defect, such that a functional mitotic checkpoint cannot prevent chromosome missegregation resulting from improper attachment of sister kinetochores to spindle microtubules.
Evidence has shown that subtle alteration in the structure of microtubules can cause improper attachment of chromosomes and impair the tension, which in turn signals the spindle checkpoint to prevent anaphase onset and chromosome segregation.
This interpretation is further supported by the Tc-cad RNAi effects: the shallowness of the posterior amniotic fold, the lack of posterior germband submersion into the yolk, and the reduced bouncing of the posterior germband may be related to abnormal patterning of posterior germband structures and improper attachment to the yolksac.
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In addition to attaching the microtubules to the chromosomes, the kinetochores also correct improper attachments and move the chromosomes along microtubules.
Correct end-on attachment of microtubules to kinetochores relies on the error-correction machinery that destabilizes improper attachments through the actions of the Aurora B kinase [1].
The resultant dispersed microtubule attachment sites produce excessive merotelic attachments and partial depletion at centromeres of the Aurora B activity that is needed to correct these improper attachments (Fig. 8B).
Monastrol can efficiently be removed from cell, which allows the formation of a bipolar spindle in which full chromosome alignment requires correction of the improper attachments by Aurora B [30], [31].
The fourth module discerns correct from improper attachments, preventing the stabilization of the latter and allowing the selective stabilization of the former.
In a revealing assay, re-activation of Aurora B results in the correction of improper attachments after inhibitor washout (Lampson et al, 2004).
These studies implicate Ipl1/Aurora B as an essential component of the error correction mechanism required to prevent the stabilization of improper attachments.
Improper attachments or lack of kinetochore tension results in maintenance of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), preventing the metaphase-to-anaphase transition (Li and Nicklas, 1995; Nicklas et al., 1995).
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