Heathers told me that the problems he's found in Wansink's studies are generally within the numbers themselves: faulty arithmetic, sloppy recording, subsets of data that disappear at times and then "magically reappear" later, and conclusions that reverse-engineer improbable samples.
Burn in refers to the time it takes the chain to get to a region of high probability and samples taken during this period are generally discarded in order to avoid assigning too much weight to highly improbable samples.
We found only 200 contigs (0.4%) matched prokaryotes (archea, bacteria and viruses), making large scale contaminations of our samples highly improbable.
In classical procedures statistical hypotheses are discarded when they render the observed sample too improbable, which of course differs from discarding hypotheses that deem the observed sample impossible.
Or, conversely, it discards candidate hypotheses that render the sample too improbable.
A maelstrom of improbable and sometimes plain ludicrous samples, it arrived after Public Enemy had released their own masterpiece, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, and just before the D.A.I.S.Y.
Similarly, changes in the mineralogy or phyllosilicate structure are also improbable, since XRD patterns for samples prior to and after deformation at different temperatures closely resembled each other and the interlayer spacing of phyllosilicates showed no consistent change with temperature (Den Hartog et al. 2012a).
Given the precautions taken to avoid cross-contamination between samples, it was improbable that the eventual contamination would be so gross as to allow the detection of AFB in tissue smears performed soon after sample collection.
In this study, bacterial sources of 2-hydroxybutyric acid or 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid are improbable as all TeSR-1 samples assessed were devoid of lactate and no changes in either hydroxyl acid were detected during conditioning.
Landis provided a urine sample after his improbable ride in Stage 17 of the Tour.
However, with only 4.5% of the genes measured, the measured degree of overlap is highly improbable (P=0.000499 by using Monte Carlo sampling simulation in χ test, see Section 2).
