In France and Germany, his initial naturalist manner gave way to variants of Impressionism, then leaped to something unprecedented, in representations of life lived, with hard truths and quaking sensitivity, on the brink of derangement.
Wartime emotion moved Hassam to eloquence, which entailed something like true Impressionism at last.
Several had tried post-Impressionism and Fauvism, but they realized something more daring was afoot in Paris when they encountered Cubism at the landmark show at the Armory in New York in 1913.
Still, Mr. Bailey said he believed, it will be something of a pilgrimage for lovers of Impressionism.
His reputation has been dim for so many years, though, that "William Glackens: A Journey From Realism to Impressionism," the sprawling retrospective now at the Queens Museum of Art, comes as something of a surprise.
Yet in 1908 Debussy wrote to his publisher that he was trying "something different" and that it was "what the imbeciles call Impressionism, just about the least appropriate term possible".
Like the insurrection of rock and roll against show tunes and sugary popular music, Munch's touchstone images came to satisfy a yen for something grittier and more urgently engaging than the formalism, based in Impressionism and Cubism, that was upheld by art historians at the time.
The trick is to make those little square-shaped microdots that appear on our various and endlessly proliferating screens cohere into a simulation of verisimilitude, into something approaching a Chuck Close portrait rather than a Seurat-like haze of Pointillist impressionism.
But Le Jardin de Mon Curé (1895) is a work of pure impressionism: a conjuring up of the garden of a country priest, with flowers, herbs, and something rodentine lurking in the undergrowth.
