The Pancasila are vague but in practice emphasize the importance of the unity of the state and are a secular barrier against the imposition of laws based on one religion.
Direct discrimination involves the imposition of disadvantages "based on" or "on account of" or "because of" membership in some salient social group.
While this may be true, we have long held that the imposition of civil liability based on protected expression constitutes "punishment" of speech for First Amendment purposes.
Questions such as the timing and choice of strategies, the imposition of intervention measures based on local conditions (biological and environmental), and the need to design optimal management approaches accounting for adaptive dynamics (Janssen and Martens 1997) may also be guided by such models.
9. Resist the imposition of parallel legal systems based on scripture, or the legal presumption that religious people are any more or less moral than nonbelievers.
The following methods have been explored: the contractual method; the percentage-of-gross-receipts method; imposition of a fixed amount based on profession or trade; and the standard assessment guide.
The laws established that financial support to victims of environmental pollution in Japan, including Yokkaichi Asthma patients, is based on the imposition to industries, which are responsible for the pollution.
Foreign secretary Boris Johnson and home secretary Amber Rudd have agreed that Britain is to introduce a UK version, which could authorise the imposition of financial and immigration sanctions based on allegations of serious criminal misconduct in the absence of a criminal conviction.
Although trade remedy actions the imposition of antidumping and countervailing duty based on the US Trade Act of 1974—have been critical instruments for US trade, prioritizing trade deficit reduction in US trade policy has the potential to erode the underlying international system and exacerbate rather than resolve the tensions that have spurred nationalistic economic movements.
The evolution of Nigerian-Chinese relations mirrors that of China's relationship with other African states (such as Angola, Sudan, and Zimbabwe) that sought alternative forms of aid and development packages following the imposition of sanctions by Western nations based on alleged human rights violations.
