If there's some alternate way of bringing about an equally beneficial result, then it can't be justified on consequentialist grounds to impose harm or suffering on an individual.
But now, the risks are understood enough to ask the question: Is it not morally wrong to knowingly impose harm on innocent others, especially in the name of profit?
Sleepwalking is often triggered by sleep deprivation and stress, and while it's usually harmless, some people may impose harm on themselves or others while in a sleepwalking state.
This has arisen from the understanding that children are physiologically, developmentally and emotionally different from adults and developing treatments for children by extrapolating results from adult studies may actually impose harm [ 3].
This requires that no state or government prohibit persons from transacting with others on any mutually agreeable terms (that do not impose harms of certain sorts on nonconsenting others).
8 Importantly, in addition to physical and toxic assault, drinkers can impose harms on others' mental health and well-being through, for example, fear of assault, concern for other people's safety, neglect or exploitation resulting from drinking by carers, and even disturbance to sleep.
But why should the government commit the opposite sin of forcing doctrinaire Catholics to violate a religious principle that imposes no harm on others?
"Judicial second-guessing of the President's national security determination in itself imposes substantial harm on the federal government and the nation at large," Department of Justice lawyers told the 9th Circuit in the emergency appeal they filed Saturday.
Leaving aside the fact that few people manage to be both significantly fat and fit simultaneously, the evidence is now clear that at any given level of fitness, excess body fat still imposes metabolic harm.
Alcohol misuse imposes substantial harm on Indigenous Australians whose health status is poorer than non-Indigenous Australians.
An algorithmic decision is unfair if it imposes predictable harms on sets of individuals that are unconsciously disproportionate to the benefits these same decisions produce elsewhere.
