Possibilities include additional educational burden and costs imposed on programs by IMGs, conflict over goals for medical and post-graduate medical education, protectionism for USMGs, concerns about image, administrative simplification, and discrimination based on xenophobia, country of origin, chauvinism, or other factors.
Cutbacks would be imposed on several programs, including those providing homemakers for the elderly, day care and programs for youths.
The result of these caps is that, if Congress enacts annual appropriations bills that exceed these hard caps, an across-the-board spending cut or "sequestration" is automatically imposed on discretionary programs.
"They are packaging this as a pollution cut, but in fact it is a pollution delay imposed on a program that the Clean Air Act requires to go faster," said Dave Hawkins, a lawyer for the Natural Resources Defense Council in Washington.
You had an austerity program that was much more severe than the one imposed on Ireland, a program imposed in a completely blind way by a troika that didn't understand how difficult Greece would be to reform, that thought that structural reform would lead to revival, well, it turned out to be rubbish.
The N.C.A.A. rejected Southern California's appeal to reduce sanctions imposed on its football program, keeping in place some of the harshest penalties in a quarter-century.
The penalties and bans imposed on the Penn State Football program by the N.C.A.A. are severely damaging well beyond the stated time frame.
Obama sought to reassure skeptics in Congress and the public that the accord "would cut off every pathway that Iran could take to develop a nuclear weapon" and said Iran would undergo "the most robust and intrusive inspections and transparency regime" imposed on a nuclear program.
But Mr. Rosenfeld, at Lawrence public schools, said he was deeply discouraged by the drain that expensive treatments for a few children were imposing on other programs.
Haitians do not need development programs imposed on them by expatriates.
But the debate is also pressuring euro zone leaders to acknowledge that the austerity program imposed on Greece by the troika has taken such a toll on living standards that it has become counterproductive.
