Sentence examples for imposed on cells from inspiring English sources

Cells were incubated with these agents for 48 hr except IR, which is imposed on cells at 0 hr followed by incubating the cells with regular medium.

We provide evidence that this key difference is due to spatial constraints imposed on cells within the three-dimensional environment of the embryo; this might explain how Mena can be used to promote aggressive migratory behaviour during cancer progression.

As phosphorylation of Ser15 on p53 is synonymous with the activation of DNA damage-dependent pathways in response to cellular insults [ 27], this provides further proof that no genotoxic stress is imposed on cells treated with DRB.

It is imagined that, when replication stresses such as HU and ENA are imposed on cells, the slowed-down DNA replication is sensed immediately by histone expression machineries to maintain a stoichiometric expression of core histone genes in concert with a reduced DNA replication rate.

The greatest level of mechanochemical stress was, however, imposed on cells by the PCL/HAp films with regularly distributed surface features and this elevated stress directly translated to osteogenic activity higher than (a) on flat PCL/HAp films, (b) on PCL/HAp films comprising randomly distributed features and (c) on the control tissue culture polystyrene.

Zhong, P. et al. Cell-to-cell transmission can overcome multiple donor and target cell barriers imposed on cell-free HIV.

When the same type of stress was imposed on cell infected with Kir6.2AFA, survival was just slightly decreased (39.2 ± 0.9%, n = 8, Fig. 3), but the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.02).

Interstitial flow is an important regulator of various cell behaviors both in vitro and in vivo, yet the forces that fluid flow imposes on cells embedded in a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM), and the effects of matrix architecture on those forces, are not well understood.

Thus, the promotion effect of Wnt3a and negative effect of activinA in PGC specification suggest that either PGCs originate from the posterior part of the primitive streak or the germ cell fate is imposed on these cells in the primitive streak.

Indeed in simulations, if intermixing was prevented through delocalizing benefits (Momeni et al., 2013; Allen et al., 2013), or if intermixing was imposed on all cells through high initial cell densities, self-organization and cooperator advantage over cheaters diminished.

Compared to hyphal cells, the selective pressures imposed on yeast cells are very different.