Southern Christians believed that the Bible imposed on masters a host of obligations to their slaves.
The concept of 'host' and 'guest' is viewed as an arbitrary construct of a human frame of reference imposed on a complex biologic system.
The selective forces limiting TE abundance are thought to act against three primary consequences of TE proliferation- gene mutation by TE insertion, chromosomal rearrangement caused by ectopic recombination among dispersed copies, and the energetic burden imposed on the host arising from the costs of replication, transcription and translation of TE copies.
Recent transcriptomic analyses have shown that, despite a low response to different physiological conditions imposed on the aphid host, Buchnera retained the capability to express genes at different levels in basal conditions.
Evolution of differing investment in life-history stages is a powerful mechanism of organismal adaptation to ecological challenges [ 1], including the challenges imposed on host populations by ever-evolving pathogens [ 2- 4].
Simulating the pair of events (c,d) is not as trivial since different constraints are imposed on the host-to-guest communication, as no mechanism of parameter transmission is easily accessible.
In the case of parasitic plasmids, which do not carry beneficial traits, and inflict a net cost on their host, this means that the rate of horizontal transfer must exceed the cost that they impose on their host [ 19].
While we hypothesized that the severe impairment, HIV imposes on the host immune system, would allow malaria infection to progress more quickly [ 23], it appears that HIV infection actually acts to increase the rate at which individuals move from the malaria exposed class to the malaria infected class for malaria only which lowers the overall R0 for the system.
Clear away as quickly as possible once the party is over, so as not to impose on your host any more than necessary.
They were "abhorrent scenes" according to Dyke, welcoming the alcohol ban that has now been imposed on the tournament's host cities.
