Sentence examples for imposed fitness from inspiring English sources

The classical framework, however, addresses these patterns by exclusively invoking natural selection on suitably imposed fitness landscapes.

By providing the viruses with the opportunity to increase their fitness by mutation, a mutant was rescued that found a way to compensate for the imposed fitness cost.

Thus, if these genes impose fitness costs, they should have decreased in frequency in natural pathogen populations[ 21].

Since resistance emergence may impose fitness cost on pathogen replication and transmission [ 11], we assume that the drug-resistant pathogen is less transmissible than the drug-sensitive pathogen.

Our data show that, although silencing these two MAPKs abolished herbivory-induced JA production, which is known to impose fitness costs on plants, only WIPK-silenced plants benefited from these reductions in terms of increased growth and fitness.

Notably, these individual adaptations typically differ from the HIV B or HIV C consensus sequence, which suggests that most of these substitutions impose fitness costs on HIV that select for reversion upon transmission to an HLA-mismatched recipient.

The remarkable evolutionary success of TEs is attributed to their ability to become overrepresented among an organism's offspring through proliferation within the genome, even though they impose fitness costs (Doolittle and Sapienza 1980; Orgel and Crick 1980; Hickey 1982).

The related statement that chaperone overexpression may impose fitness costs ("this study did not test for possible negative fitness effects associated with the upregulated expression of chaperones") comes across as sleight-of-hand – the question is first whether chaperones can buffer mutations, and only then if they can do so without harming the organism in other ways.

Resistance to phages may also impose fitness costs on the bacteria, in particular when the bacteria and the phages show an evolutionary arms race in defense and counter defense (Levin and Bull 1996; Bohannan et al. 1999; Bohannan and Lenski 2000; Buckling et al. 2006; Brockhurst et al. 2007; Perron et al. 2007; Forde et al. 2008; Koskella et al. 2012).

To determine whether effective discrimination against mates producing pheromones from other species is possible, we experimentally evolved pheromone receptors under conditions that imposed high fitness costs on mating with cells producing diverged pheromones.

Two virulence factors (vir4, vir6) imposed substantial fitness costs in the absence of the corresponding resistance genes.