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The predicted pairing patterns of these six conserved cysteine residues were the same as that of BdDef (C1 C4, C2 C5 and C3 C6) (Liu et al. 2017), and such strong conservation suggested that these cysteines and tertiary structures might have an important structural function in these proteins.
Finally, (iv) we identified potential determinants of fitness as identified by being under positive selection in a structural context; the protein models allowed us to relate the results of phylogenetic studies with the predicted structures, which suggest an important structural function for the predicted positively selected sites.
Collagen has an important structural function in several organs of the body, especially in bone and cartilage.
UL132 encodes a glycoprotein that may play an important structural function during viral replication in vitro [49].
Keratins constitute the intracellular intermediate filaments network of keratinocytes, and have an important structural function [ 9, 14, 19].
Cysteines also play another important structural function as ligand-bound coordinating metals such as iron, zinc, or copper.
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Therefore, it could be speculated that these highly conserved substrate-unspecific parts of the protein may have important structural functions and polymorphism affecting them lead to improper structure of the protein and its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Lipids have important structural functions that are crucial for different aspects of the transformed phenotype.
Furthermore, S21 is part of the GDP/GTP-binding pocket and thus has an important structural role for the function of eEF1A.
Although their exact function is unknown, these cysteines could be part of a zinc finger that coordinates Hε binding, or could play an important structural role in HP function such as the formation of disulfide bonds.
Other morphological traits, such as body depth, bone percentage, and birth weight have also been reported to be associated with loci in this region [ 38], which supports the important putative structural function of this region in cattle.
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