There are three different node types: 'hidden' or latent state nodes; 'observable' nodes, and the all-important eruption outcome 'query' node.
Multiple observations of subsurface and surface phenomena during volcanic eruptions provide important information about eruption styles, eruption column dynamics, and magma plumbing systems.
These authors suggest that observing these triggers is important for predicting eruptions and that we can predict eruptions only by a few hours before the eruption.
Volatile behavior in magma plays an important role in eruption styles and intensities.
We can derive a few important implications for eruption forecasting and hazard assessment at Ruapehu volcano in particular, and possibly similar systems prone to phreatic eruptions.
As discussed above, the permeability of the country rock can impact sidewall outgassing, an important factor governing eruption explosivity (this is discussed further in the " Impact of failure mode on permeability" section).
Estimating lava flow hazards is important prior to eruptions for regional planning purposes, but becomes critical during times of heightened eruption activity (Gonzalez et al. 2015; Poland et al. 2016; Jenkins et al. 2017).
It is interpreted as a water-saturated porous layer, consistent with hydrothermal activity, and it plays an important role in controlling eruptions and associated eruptive phenomena through interaction of magma and water in the saturated layer (Kagiyama, 1994; Kagiyama et al., 1996).
Therefore, understanding the processes and the mechanisms of phreatic eruptions is important to prevent a possible disaster due to a similar future eruption.
