It is unlikely that we missed an important effect due to inadequate power, since we achieved our target sample size, and since the confidence intervals surrounding the observed difference exclude our a priori meaningful difference.
The former does not capture important lighting effects due to textures, while the latter is too expensive computationally to be practical.
Consistent with the observation of parallel evolution, we show that the relative contributions of chance are far smaller and less important than effects due to adaptation for the traits investigated.
These measures are often little affected by ultrafine particles (UFPs) from, for example, diesel engine emission because of their low mass, although UFPs are thought to have important health effects due to their high alveolar deposition, small size (≤ 0.1 μm in aerodynamic diameter), large surface area, and potential to translocate (Delfino et al. 2005).
It is important to detect deleterious effects due to chemicals before significant effects at the population level occur.
In studies where repeated pulmonary function tests are performed within the same day, it is important to assess confounding effects due to diurnal variation in lung function.
These data sets were generated some time ago, and we expect that some of these variations have been reduced in more recent data sets due to improved technology; however, these variations still do exist and it is important to avoid confounding effects due to these factors when data are integrated.
Therefore, it is important to differentiate between the effects due to environmental variations and those resulting from structural damage.
In the final overview of lithium-related toxicity, it is important to differentiate between side effects due to inappropriate use of the drug (from the standpoint of both overdose or dehydration) and practice evolution of lithium maintenance treatment monitoring (Aiff et al. [2014]).
