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Natural killer (NK) cells are an important effector cell type for adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
Natural killer (NK) cells can rapidly respond to transformed and stressed cells and represent an important effector cell type for adoptive immunotherapy.
In a recent review by Xu et al., the aging retina shows "para-inflammation" as characteristic multicellular response pattern, including low level apoptosis, complement activation and inflammatory cytokine reaction, and the activation of microglia as an important effector cell.
An important effector cell involved in this parasite control is the macrophage.
Our study further defines NK cells as an important effector cell type in eliciting this response in humans.
This is accompanied by the selective entry of immune cells from the periphery, which help further propagate an inflammatory response by producing cytokines and carrying out other important effector cell functions (Yong and Rivest, 2009).
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Neutrophils are important effector cells in the first line of defence against S. aureus12 and we hypothesized that killing of neutrophils by LukMF′ hampers the phagocytic immune response leading to more severe infections.
Phagocytes are important effector cells in the first line of defence against S. aureus9 and the selective killing of phagocytes by S. aureus leukocidins has been shown to be detrimental to survival of the host10,11.
Macrophages are one of the most important effector cells of the innate immune system, and play pivotal roles in the response to graphene exposure.
It has been shown that EtOH also affects the function of macrophages (MØ), which are important effector cells in the innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious agents.
During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system.
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