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An important first step is locating or comprising a reliable and comprehensive database that embodies all accessible and applicable data.
If you live in the European Economic Area EEAA), you may have additional rights under applicable data protection laws.
Not applicable (data has not been used).
Transform: Change data formats as needed while checking that the metadata matches the applicable data fields.
Where applicable, data are expressed as mean ± SEM.
Where applicable, data are presented as the mean ± SD.
Wherever applicable, data were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel Software program.
bNot applicable: data were not collected in the study.
When applicable, data are presented as the mean±s.d.d
Where applicable, data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
*NA, not applicable; ?, data missing from farm records.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com