It can be seen that the import rates of virulence proteins were similar at the beginning of cocultivation (before 12 h); however, the VirE2 import rate grew faster for arp6Δ (pQH04) at the later stage.
The imported rate for electricity E t is [0.08, 0.10] for 1st period, [0.09, 0.11] for 2nd period and [0.10, 0.12] for 3rd period, respectively.
Rate constant for Smad nuclear import and export: The nuclear import rate of Smad2 (kSmad2imp) was experimentally measured with the value of 0.16 min−1 in reference [8].
Therefore, we set the import rate constant for the phosphorylated Smad complex (kSmads_Compleximp) to the same value as the import rate constant for unphosphorylated Smad2, which is 0.16 min−1.
Conversely, for high import rates and low export rates the response is also overdamped, but with a faster decay (continuous blue line in Figure 7D).
Amazon started by offering outsourced consolidation for international sellers in 2014, leveraging bulk discounts for cheaper U.S. import rates.
The import growth rates for rice, wheat, and other grains are expected to decline by 2.6, 2.7, and 0.4%, respectively, resulting in feed grain and livestock products production to also decline.
These two potential advantages of transformation have nothing to do with HGT per se, but if higher DNA import rate were selected for these reasons, this would increase the rate of HGT as a side effect.
For example, compared to the BAU 2030 scenario, the import growth rate for rice, wheat, and other grain products in the GTI 2030 scenario are likely to decline by 1.9, 1.72, and 1.89%, respectively.
Biochemical data describing the phosphorylation dynamics of the pathway components after stimulation in combination with mathematical modeling can then serve to indirectly determine nuclear import and export rates for phosphorylated STAT5.
