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Higher profitability turns out to be important for import of technology than for in-house R&D.
It appears that import of technology is complementing in-house R&D only for the subset of firms who are using multiple sources of technology.
In line with the earlier studies that have examined this relationship very generally, for the sample as a whole there seems to be a substitutive relationship between import of technology and in-house R&D.
In the norm the indicator of ratio of export and import of technology and technical services has to have smaller growth rate.
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In fact, there is strong evidence of developing countries relying largely on import of technologies from developed countries for driving their technological change.
In fact, there are strong evidences of developing countries across the world relying largely on import of technologies from developed countries for driving their technological change.
Even when armed groups may be convinced, however, governments may refuse to grant permits or problematize the import of technologies for undisclosed reasons.
Thus too high growth rate of this indicator will lead to considerable decrease in import of technologies and services, and refusal of it will counteract surge of advanced technologies and to reduce possibilities of an effective benchmarking.
For the purposes of efficiency, independence and sustainability of TID the most significant source of innovative projects have to be own development created in the region thus import of technologies in some cases is a source of a benchmarking or promotes a diversification of activities.
Several interviewees said that import of technologies into the country and adoption without structured criteria and control is increasing, as articulated by two interviewees: "we noticed that suddenly the country has become full of MRI" (Int #5); "it is said that Iran is the second largest importer of new technologies among Middle-East countries" (Int #3).
Taking a hard line to reduce imports of technology goods and encourage domestic manufacturing could violate international trade agreements and set off a trade confrontation.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com