Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) overexpression has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis, with putative prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Overexpression of HDAC1, a member of Class I histone deacetylase is reported to be implicated in breast cancer.
Oestrogen and other hormones are strongly implicated in breast cancer, and both pregnancy and breastfeeding suppress ovulation, thus reducing the amount of circulating hormones.
Many genes of the BCL2 family were found to be implicated in breast carcinogenesis and to serve as possible prognostic markers.
Human RAD51, known to function in DNA repair, interacts with a number of proteins implicated in breast cancer (BC), including BRCA1 and BRCA2.
Furthermore, estrogen stem cell cross talk has been implicated in breast cancer progression and results in increased tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion.
Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of serine-threonine kinases, has been implicated in breast cancer progression (Urtreger et al., 2012).
At age 16, she sequenced and analyzed an original gene implicated in breast cancer.
It is an endocrine disrupter, which means it could be implicated in breast cancer, and it may also double the risk of lung cancer.
LPA and its receptors, LPA1 and LPA2, have been implicated in breast cancer [37].
Interestingly, all validated biomarkers were previously implicated in breast cancer or other cancers (Table 2).
