While it is still unclear how such targeting is regulated and how evolution can manipulate it, based on our data, we hypothesize that flexible CTCF binding sites within domains can influence looping from the promoter or enhancer as well by demarcating the implicated functional elements.
Exposure to biotic and abiotic stressors also has been implicated in element derepression and copy number amplification (Wessler 1996; Grandbastien 1998).
It is important to note that these findings do not implicate L1 elements directly in Xist mediated silencing as features of HL1 domains other than L1 elements may account for their association with increased silencing efficiency.
The present findings implicate immunoregulatory elements within the HLA Class II complex in the pathogenesis of IPF.
It is clear that the Alu poly-A either promotes the formation of deletions or is a target for recombination processes initiated elsewhere in the genome, consistent with previous reports implicating Alu elements in recombinational instability [20].
COPR reacted catalysts recorded a lower abundance of Cr III) alongside a high abundance of the leachate components Ca and Si, implicating these elements in the faster onset of inactivation.
The human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are an example of such polymorphic elements, implicated in many immune-based diseases.
The interaction of EF-G with ribosomal elements implicated in stimulating catalysis, such as the L10-L12 stand and the L11 region, and of domain IV of EF-G with the tRNA at the peptidyl-tRNA binding site (P site) and with mRNA shed light on the role of these elements in EF-G function.
Finally, these processes may contribute to the evolution of the bacterium by affecting the capacity of S. aureus to acquire genetic elements implicated in virulence, by facilitating its adaptation to various environments [77] or by acting in trans to produce multicopy inhibition [78].
Examples of Alu elements implicated in gene regulation have been identified [ 9- 11, 21, 22, 26, 33- 36].
