Three of the six main union confederations signed in 2013 a central agreement in France, subsequently enacted as law, introducing the possibility of derogation from sectoral standards for companies in economic difficulty subject to commitments to refrain from implementing redundancies.
The failure rate of an FPGA varies with the implemented design, depending on the amount of used resources and the implemented redundancy schemes among others.
The commercial 130 nm CMOS technology, today primarily proposed for SLHC electronic upgrades, only implements redundancies against the Single Event Effects'.
An engineering approach would also mandate Standard Operating Procedures (such as protocols and check lists) and implement redundancies (such as double-checks, fail-safes, and time-outs).
In order to fulfill all security requirements, dedicated systems have been designed and implemented, following redundancy criteria and "fail safe" philosophy.
In order to implement functional redundancy with little additional recurring cost, magnetometer measurements can be used for 2-axis attitude measurements.
Analytical redundancy or model reference method of fault detection provides such a solution as most spacecraft are now equipped with an on-board computer, which is an ideal platform for implementing the analytical redundancy based fault detection algorithms.
Public sector reforms have sometimes been characterised as containing the paradox of aiming to reward performance and empower staff whilst at the same time implementing downsizing and redundancy – the "human costs of reform" [ 28].
The reported job losses in the UK and US, where Toyota employs 29,000 people, would mark the first time the company has implemented mass redundancies among regular employees since 1950.
In addition, it proposes adding a feedback loop to handle option redundancy when implementing a sequence of options.
