Current mechanisms mainly support the network-controlled handover in which, the decision to implement handover is taken by the network(s) to which the mobile device is currently attached.
In the proposed scheme for implementing vertical handover, the mobile is switched to the best network by using the mobility management protocols.
It is important to consider the preferences of both patients and nurses when implementing bedside handover to maximise the successful uptake of this policy.
CloudMAC also allows implementing fast handovers between APs, but is mainly targeting network initiated handovers, while this article uses client initiated handovers.
Firstly, it is the RS not each user to implement the handover procedure, which can achieve better handover performance and reduce the drop-off rate significantly [4].
The proposed handover call flows will be very effective to implement for handover processes in dense femtocellular network deployment.
Hard switch-off: With this option, immediately after the switch-off decision is taken, users are forced to implement a handover from the macro-cell that is going to be switched off to micro-cells in the area.
In fact, it does not implement any handover strategies for HetNet, it does not allow the application of different access policies to the HeNB, it offers only a weak support for the quality of service (QoS) management[17] (e.g., only simple scheduling strategies, such as Maximum Throughput and Proportional Fair, have been developed at the MAC layer).
This section finally presents the global end-to-end QoS and KPI values obtained when a closed circuit TV (CCTV) application is deployed on an MS in a communication architecture with and without implementing the RMPA handover mechanism.
Both S1 and X 2 handover in LTE network are purely hard handover implemented with the purpose of minimizing the complexity of network structure.
