The new estimator, therefore, is easy to implement in empirical applications, while being flexible about the treatment of unobserved heterogeneity.
The total absorption μa is implemented in the empirical path length model, while the modeled effective path length τ is adjusted simultaneously as a function of the total absorption, according to Eq. (3).
Linear models implemented in lmFit and empirical Bayes methods implemented in eBayes were applied to assess the differential expression of genes.
Above and beyond summarizing research findings, we discuss how taxes are commonly implemented in agency models, derive empirical predictions, and identify research gaps for future tax research.
Although a small number of interventions for war-affected children have demonstrated effectiveness, a large number of treatments are implemented in the absence of empirical support.
This was verified and ascertained by Roberts in his large empirical survey implemented in 2001: over 90% of Japanese companies involved the CTO position into the structure of top management team, while in Europe, this applied to 35% and in the USA only to 8%.
The most commonly used functions fall into three categories, those employing molecular mechanics force fields such as CHARMM [28] and GROMACS [29], empirical methods implemented in Glide [30] and AutoDock [31], and knowledge-based potentials, e.g. DrugScore [32] and its successor, DSX [33].
cPositively selected sites detected using the Bayes empirical approach implemented in the site models M8 and M2a.
GlaB affinity was then estimated by means of the MM-GBSA method, and the p Kd was computed by the empirical functions implemented in XSCORE (Wang et al, 2002, 2003).
