Indeed, both research and practice change endeavors rarely explore both clinical and implementation outcomes stemming from practice change initiatives, a situation that lends itself to a Type III error.
64 Proctor's taxonomy for implementation outcomes 19 was extracted from studies where possible, as these outcomes could be used to indicate successful implementation of the toolkit within the healthcare system.
It is important to distinguish the sustainability of implementation processes and strategies (e.g., interagency relationship, LCT model) from the sustainability of actual implementation outcomes.
This simultaneous focus on effectiveness and implementation outcomes, defined by Curran et al. [ 21] as a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial, is intended to reduce the translation lag from intervention development to intervention implementation and adoption in routine practice.
Several respondents felt it was premature to expect implementation outcomes.
Proctor et al. (2009) regard sustainability as a type of implementation outcome as distinct from service or client outcomes (e.g., satisfaction, symptomology) that results from the process of using evidence-based implementation strategies to establish new evidence-based treatments or services.
The implementation outcome, clinicians' information systems (IS) proficiency, was assessed using longitudinal survey data collected from 43 clinicians before and after the EHR start-date.
Based on existing evidence it seemed fruitful to assess the AFR approach in district health systems in African resource-poor settings with the aim to enhance existing knowledge about the relevance and usefulness of the AFR concept as well as about the implementation process and potential outcomes from diverse contexts.
Its perspective is to mainstream and integrate DRR within and across all sectors, including health, and at the same time to evaluate health outcomes from DRR implementation and to align the implementation of DRR approaches with other relevant health frameworks such as the 2005 International Health Regulations (WHO 2005).
In this study, we propose the application of a land-use and transportation integrated (LUTI) model to study the outcomes from the implementation of two policy packages.
