This finding pre-dates widespread implementation of standard ICU processes of care, such as ventilator-care bundles and lung-protective ventilation protocols, which may mitigate the effect of increased handovers that are inevitably required with sessional cover [ 6].
Empowerment evaluation methods such as GTO, with their emphasis on accountability, ownership and self-determination can provide systematic guidance for providers to evaluate implementation of standard care processes and to make selective adaptive modifications for individual patient needs.
This study describes the policy context and analysed the sociotechnical factors which have led to the successful implementation of standard preoperative processes across the PACs of NHS GGC and allowed the deployment of an electronic integrated care pathway, underpinned by consensus guidelines.
The introduction of standard process protocols, standard nomenclature and establishing the point at which a treatment plan is acceptable to move forward to actual treatment were suggested as solutions for reducing 'boutique' approaches and supporting IMRT implementation.
13 Further claims to improve DNACPR decision-making were the implementation of a standard process in trust policies to record patients' wishes at admission 9 while Kim do et al 14 called for a systematic standardisation of DNACPR decisions in terms of standardised forms to improve end-of life decisions in the early stage of patients with terminal cancer.
Definition and implementation of standardized decision processes.
Additionally, the companies spoke to their efforts to minimize the environmental impacts of production processes through the implementation of standards and regulations for factories as well as their efforts to eliminate the use of harmful substances in the manufacturing process.
The successful adoption and implementation of process standards in software development seems to be providing inspiration in other business domains.
The objectives of such investigations include optimisation of planning processes, stimulation of remuneration systems, optimisation of employment and implementation of standards for machine utilisation (Kanawaty 1992).
