The findings highlighted both areas of consensus and discrepancies related to risk awareness, and the efficiency of risk reduction measures that had been implemented by the government.
By applying lessons learned from recent earthquakes, such as the East Sichuan earthquake, we can increase the effectiveness of risk reduction measures.
Both models are stepwise processes to assess and value the impacts of risk reduction measures.
These recommendations can assist in managing design factors, uncertainty, and to a certain extent, implementation of risk-reduction measures.
The focus should not only be on emergency relief and recovery, but also on the mitigation of earthquake disaster risk, building resilience, learning from experiences and past mistakes, and constant implementation of disaster risk reduction measures (Bilham 2009; Lacasse and Nadim 2011; Alexander 2012a).
Certainly more research is required prior to implementation of crop conversion strategies as risk reduction measures.
The upcoming Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR-3) (UN 2015) in Sendai will hopefully address current obstacles and shortcomings and provide guidance for further implementation of risk reduction policies and measures by nations and communities around the world.
Some risk situations are simple in structure, the probabilities of harm are well understood, and the risks (as well as risk reduction measures) are noncontroversial.
In the assessment, the costs of one or more alternative flood-control measures are compared to the risk reduction effectiveness as well as other impacts of the risk reduction measures under investigation.
Therefore, consideration of possible ranges of tsunami inundation heights can facilitate the implementation of more uniform and consistent tsunami risk reduction measures.
