One of the lakes is affected by both acid mine drainage (AMD) and a succession of remediation measures.
However, their theoretical description is still elusive, introducing uncertainty in design and hindering development of remediation measures.
Use of new genomics tools could, however, limit the extent of remediation measures by more accurately predicting the potential for exposure of the sensitive population.
When the time elapsed between the source release and the implementation of remediation was varied, it was found that, except for the longest elapsed time (50,000 days), a combination of partial source removal and plume remediation was most efficient.
The presence of organic and inorganic contaminants at this site has required the implementation of remediation strategies, consisting of pumping wells (hydraulic barrier) and a horizontal flow barrier.
The paper concludes with an overview of social remediation measures, encompassing actions that are directed towards benefits other than dose reduction (e.g., local food monitoring stations or medical check-up), or measures that require social rather than technical implementation (e.g. information centres, stakeholder dialogue).
Those fixtures were taken off line, and the district "implemented remediation measures," according to its website.
Subsurface heterogeneity at sites contaminated with nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) reduces the effectiveness of traditional remediation measures.
Finally, follow-up studies should be encouraged to gain better scientific knowledge of metal exposure and the effect of mitigation and remediation measures in contaminated sites.
Developed countries have long identified major environmental hazards and some have successfully implemented monitoring and remediation programmes to minimize the risk involved while most developing countries including Ghana lack the implementation of such measures (Fianko et al. 2008).
